Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the positive effects of bilingualism in mitigating cognitive aging.For bilingual individuals,each instance of language production directly reflects the brain's executive functions in monitoring and selection.This process not only shapes cognitive architecture but also continuously influences the neural network formation,thereby helping to maintain relatively stable cognitive functions during the aging process.This paper reviews relevant research and latest findings on the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive aging,discussing bilingualism's significant role in preserving cognitive functions and analyzing its potential in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.Furthermore,it explores how bilingualism enhances the brain's functional and structural reserves,offering cognitive neuroprotection and defending a-gainst cognitive aging.This paper concludes by proposing directions for future research to deepen the understanding of the rela-tionship between bilingual abilities and cognitive aging,offering new perspectives and strategies for promoting healthy aging a-mong the elderly.
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