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低纬度海岛太阳能建筑逆向热工设计方法

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为了利用太阳能资源实现超低能耗建筑、创建绿色宜居的岛礁人居环境,课题组首次提出极端热湿条件下建筑"全遮阳"设计原则,创立了以太阳能光伏制冷系统与建筑防热设计相耦合的超低能耗建筑"逆向"热工设计方法,形成了适宜于低纬度海岛的超低能耗建筑新模式.实验及工程实践结果表明:全遮阳设计可大幅降低空调负荷和能耗,以南海美济岛示范建筑为例,经"全遮阳"设计后,该建筑的空调负荷可降低30％以上.若遵从逆向热工设计原则,可显著提高海洋建筑外墙、屋面和窗户的传热系数限值,实现全部依靠太阳能即可将建筑环境控制在舒适水平.低纬度海岛的超低能耗建筑新模式可有效减少对建筑设备的依赖,在建筑本体层面营造更舒适的室内热环境.
Reverse thermal design method for solar buildings on low-latitude islands
To fully utilize solar energy resources for ultra-low energy consumption buildings and create green and livable environments on island reefs,we proposed the"full shading"design principle for build-ings under extreme hot and humid conditions for the first time.An innovative"reverse"thermal design method was developed that couples solar photovoltaic cooling systems with heat protection design for buildings,and a new model of ultra-low energy consumption buildings suitable for low-latitude islands was formed.Experimental and engineering practice results show that full shading design can significantly reduce air conditioning load and energy consumption.For example,in the demonstration building on Meiji Island in the South China Sea,the air conditioning load can be reduced by more than 30％ after imple-menting the full shading design.By following the reverse thermal design principles,it is possible to signif-icantly improve the thermal transmittance limits of exterior walls,roofs,and windows of marine build-ings,achieving comfortable indoor conditions solely relying on solar energy.The new model of ultra-low energy consumption buildings for low-latitude islands can effectively reduce dependence on building e-quipment and create a more comfortable indoor thermal environment at the building level.

ultra-low low energy consumption buildings on islandssolar energy utilization in buildingsthermal designshadingcooling load

何知衡、杨雯、刘加平

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西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安 710055

绿色建筑全国重点实验室,陕西西安 710055

海岛超低能耗建筑 太阳能利用建筑 热工设计 遮阳 空调负荷

国家自然科学基金重大资助项目国家自然科学基金重点项目国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目

51590913523380045230811451608421

2024

10.13338/j.issn.1674-649x.2024.05.009

西安工程大学学报
西安工程大学

西安工程大学学报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.473
ISSN：1674-649X
年,卷(期)：2024.38(5)