[目的]研究不同类型地膜对土壤水热状况、酶活性及玉米产量和水分利用率的影响，探寻适宜山西旱作区玉米生产的地膜类型。[方法]在山西半干旱半湿润地区，以玉米品种大丰30为材料，采用大田试验，设置覆盖聚乙烯地膜(PE)、光降解地膜(G)、全生物降解膜(PB)、不覆膜(CK)4个处理，分别测定不同生育期(苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期)4个处理的土壤含水量、贮水量、温度和酶活性以及玉米产量、水分利用效率，并分析了以上指标的相关性。[结果]在不同生育期，4个处理对0～200 cm 土层的土壤含水量影响有明显差异。成熟期，3种覆膜处理0～200 cm 土层的土壤含水量均高于CK。与CK和PE处理相比，G和PB处理全生育期0～200 cm 土层的土壤贮水量显著增加。在0～25 cm 土层，3种覆膜处理在玉米全生育期的平均土壤温度较CK明显增加。与CK相比，3种覆膜处理显著降低了玉米生育期土壤耗水量，显著提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率，其中G和PB处理的土壤耗水量均较低，玉米产量和水分利用效率均较高。与CK相比，PB处理显著提高了玉米成熟期土壤碱性磷酸酶活性;PE和PB处理提高了玉米整个生育期的土壤脲酶活性;PB处理提高了玉米拔节期至成熟期土壤蔗糖酶活性。相关性分析结果表明，土壤耗水量与玉米水分利用效率、平均土壤温度和玉米产量呈极显著负相关(P＜0。01)，玉米水分利用效率、平均土壤温度与玉米产量呈极显著正相关(P＜0。01)，土壤蔗糖酶与脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关(P＜0。01)，土壤脲酶活性与玉米产量呈显著正相关(P＜0。05)o[结论]覆膜可以有效提高土壤温度，增加玉米产量，提高水分利用效率，其中全生物降解膜在蓄水保墒、增温、提高玉米水分利用效率和土壤酶活性及增产方面效果较优，可广泛应用于山西旱地玉米栽培中。
Effects of different plastic film types on soil water and heat conditions,enzyme activities and maize yield
[Objective]This study investigated the effects of different plastic film types on soil water and heat conditions,enzyme activities,maize yield and water use efficiency and explored plastic film suitable for maize production in the dryland area of Shanxi.[Method]In semi-arid and semi-humid areas of Shanxi,field experiments were conducted using maize variety Dafeng 30 in four treatments including covered poly-ethylene film(PE),photodegradable film(G),fully biodegradable film(PB)and non-covered film(CK).Soil moisture content,storage capacity,temperature,enzyme activity,maize yield and water use efficiency at different growth stages(seedling stage,jointing stage,tasseling stage,filling stage and maturity stage)were measured,and the correlations between above indicators were analyzed.[Result]There were signifi-cant differences in the effects of four treatments on soil moisture content in the 0-200 cm soil layer at dif-ferent growth stages.During the maturity period,soil moisture content of the 0-200 cm soil layer was higher than that of CK in all three mulching treatments.Compared with CK and PE treatments,G and PB treatments significantly increased soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer throughout the growth pe-riod.In the 0-25 cm soil layer,average soil temperature during the entire growth period in the three mulching treatments were significantly increased compared with CK.Compared with CK,the three mulc-hing treatments significantly reduced soil water consumption during growth periods,while significantly im-proved maize yield and water use efficiency.Soil water consumption of G and PB treatments was lower,while maize yield and water use efficiency were higher.Compared with CK,PB treatment significantly in-creased soil alkaline phosphatase activity during the maturity period.PE and PB treatments increased soil urease activity throughout the entire growth period.PB treatment increased soil sucrase activity from maize jointing stage to maturity stage.Soil water consumption had significantly negative correlation with maize water use efficiency,average soil temperature and maize yield(P＜0.01).There were highly significant positive correlations(P＜0.01)between water use efficiency,average soil temperature and maize yield.There were highly significant positive correlations(P＜0.01)between soil sucrase and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities and there was significant positive correlation(P＜0.05)between soil urease activity and corn yield.[Conclusion]Film mulching effectively increased soil temperature,corn yield and water use efficiency.Fully biodegradable film had better effects in water storage and moisture retention,temperature increase and improvement of corn water use efficiency,soil enzyme activity and yield.Thus,it is recommen-ded to be applied to the cultivation of dryland corn in Shanxi.
mulch covermaize water use efficiencysoil temperaturesoil enzyme activityShanxi dry farming area
万方数据
维普
