首页|注射施肥对桃园土壤环境和果实产量品质的影响

注射施肥对桃园土壤环境和果实产量品质的影响

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以盛果期10 a生品种 '阿部白'桃为试材,在大田条件下,进行连续2年定位施肥试验,设置放射沟施全量肥(RNPK)、放射沟施半量肥(R1/2 NPK)、注射施全量肥(INPK)和注射施半量肥(I1/2 NPK)4个处理,分析注射施肥对桃园0~60 cm 土层土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量以及果实品质的影响,探讨注射施肥在桃树生产中的应用,为高效施肥和提高水肥利用率提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)桃幼果膨大期(5月15日),0~40 cm土层中,试验各处理的总氮钾含量差异不明显,注射施肥土壤中速效养分含量显著低于放射沟施肥;果实成熟前期(7月15日),在相同施肥量下,0~40 cm土层中注射施肥处理的碱解氮、速效钾含量均以INPK处理的最高,且分别比放射沟施肥处理显著提高16.61%、12.56%和10.15%、23.93%,同时注射施肥处理的0~40 cm土层中有机质含量均低于放射沟施肥处理,部分处理差异达显著性水平;不同处理对土壤中磷的影响较小.(2)果实成熟前期,0~60 cm土层中注射施肥土壤中蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性,以及0~20 cm土层的碱性磷酸酶均显著高于放射沟施肥;同期根际土壤微生物数量变化规律与土壤酶活性变化基本一致.(3) INPK处理的桃单果重、可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他施肥处理,且分别比RNPK处理显著增加了12.24%和11.21%;I1/2 NPK处理的单株果实产量最高(65.25 kg)并显著高于放射沟施肥处理,但与INPK处理间差异不显著.研究认为,注射施肥对桃树土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量以及果实品质都有积极的影响,且以NPK全量注射施肥处理效果最佳.
Effects of Injection Fertilizing on Soil Environment, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality of Peach Orchard
Under the field condition, 10-year-old cultivar of 'Abubai' peach was used to study the effects of injection fertilizing on soil environment and fruit quality of peach orchard, which could provide an important theoretical basis for high efficiency fertilization and increasing the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.We set four treatments of radial ditch fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(RNPK), radial ditch fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(R1/2NPK), injection fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(INPK)and injection fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(I1/2NPK) to investigate effects of them on soil fertility, enzymes and microorganism in the depth of 0 to 60 cm and fruit quality of two years located experiment.The results showed that: (1) with the same amount of fertilizer, the contents of the total N and K were not significant in 0-40 cm soil layer during the fast growth stage of young fruit, but the content of available nutrient in the soil of injection fertilizing was significantly lower than that in the soil of radial ditch fertilizing.;The available N and K contents in soil under the treatment of INPK of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were the highest in the final stage of the growth season, significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing and increased by 16.61% and 12.56% as well as 10.15% and 23.93%, respectively.Meanwhile, the soil organic matter content of 0-40 cm soil of the fertilization with injection were lower than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season and some of them reached significant differences.It had little effect that different treatments on P.(2) The activities of soil invertase, catalase and urease of 0-60 cm soil and alkaline phosphatase of 0-20 cm soil under the treatments of injection fertilizing were significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season.The change law of soil microbial quantity was basically identical with soil enzyme activity of the same stage.(3) INPK treatment of single fruit weight and soluble solids contents of the peach were significantly higher than other fertilizer treatments, and, respectively, compared with the RNPK treatment increased by 12.24% and 11.21%.The maximum individual yield could be up to 65.25 kg of the I1/2NPK treatment which significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing treatment, but it didn`t reach the 5% significance level with INPK.We concluded preliminarily that injection fertilizing has a positive impact on soil nutrient contents, soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity and fruit quality of peach orchard, and the INPK treatment was the best.

peachinjection fertilizingradial ditch fertilizingsoil environmentfruit quality

白红、石佩、郭东花、乔恒波、范崇辉、刘航空、赵彩平、李高潮

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西北农林科技大学 园艺学院,陕西杨陵 712100

注射施肥 放射沟施肥 土壤环境 果实品质

国家科技支撑计划陕西省科技统筹项目

2014BAD16B042015KTCL02-29

2017

西北植物学报
西北农林科技大学,陕西省植物学会

西北植物学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.031
ISSN:1000-4025
年,卷(期):2017.37(3)
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