[Objective]The present study reports a newly recorded giant tropical deciduous tree,Pterocym-bium macranthum Kosterm.,which has been spotted in the border regions of Sino-Lao,Mengla County,Yunnan Province,and both the species and genus are new to China.Furthermore,descriptions of the spe-cies and genus are amended,and the domestic population size and state of endangerment are evaluated.[Methods]Morphological and anatomical observations of specimens were conducted using a stereo-microscope,and key taxonomic characteristics were recorded with a digital camera.Aided by drones,its domestic population size was assessed,and its IUCN species threat level was evaluated by interviews and our field experiences.[Results]Around 1 000 individuals were recognized in an area ca.2 000 hm2,and it was recommended as an IUCN vulnerable(VU)species.[Conclusion]The genus Pterocymbium R.Br.and its intragenus P.macranthum Kosterm.are new to China.The new discovery in China extends the known geographical range of P.macranthum to the northern edge of the Asian tropics and contributes to the knowledge of the flora both in China and Southeast Asia.
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