The current thallium-involving situation in steel industry of Hunan province,China is studied.The conversion ways and pollution status of thallium,the treatment,disposal and reuse of thallium pollutants,and the monitoring and control status are also analyzed,what is more,the thallium pollution problems and buried causes in Hunan provincial steel industry are explored.Some reference countermeasures from the aspects pf source reduction,pollution control,supervision and scientific research are given for prevention and control of thallium pollution in typical steel industry.