This paper systematically sorts out the latest research progress on application of agricultural and forestry biomass in photothermal conversion materials,specifically summarizes the preparation process and application fields of biomass carbon-based materials,biomass composite materials,cellulose-based materials and lignin-based materials,deeply explains the structure-activity relationship between photothermal conversion properties and unique micro-nano structures,objectively discusses some theoretical problems and technical bottlenecks of biomass-based photothermal conversion materials,and finally puts forward insights into the future development of this field.