Based on the structural characteristics of microbial communities in oil-contaminated sites,this paper reviews the research status of the bacterial consortium technology for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution.Specific pure culture microbial community has gradually formed a new development direction.It is proposed that the structure design of pure culture bacterial consortium should be based on the cognition of the action mechanism of natural bacterial consortium,on the basis of the effect relationship among microorganisms and the characteristics of substrates,and target to construct exogenous microbial communities with synergistic effects.With the deeper understanding on bacterial consortium technology,the exogenous bacterial consortium strengthening remediation technology will develop greatly.