Polyurethane is a widely used material due to its excellent properties.Cellulose is a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer,which also has the advantages of low density,high porosity and large specific surface area.The composites prepared from nanocellulose and polyurethane have good mechanical properties and biocompatibility,and can be applied in sensors,3D printing,self-repairing materials,flame-retardant materials,and many other aspects.This paper introduces the application areas of different nanocellulose as well as nanocellulose-polyurethane composites,respectively,and looks forward to the future development of nanocellulose-polyurethane composites.