Current situation and influencing factors of intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community
刘雪 1肖树芹 1王凌云 2温慧敏 1马鲜 1张红赛 1董璐琪 1李莺
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作者信息
1. 首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069
2. 西城区德胜街道社区卫生服务中心，北京 100032
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摘要
目的 了解社区老年人的内在能力的现状，并分析影响因素。 方法 采取便利抽样法，于2022年9月—2023年3月选取北京市西城区及河北省邢台市的360名社区老年人为研究对象，采用内在能力评估表、内在能力影响因素调查表、日常生活活动能力量表、工具性日常生活活动量表对研究对象进行调查。采用多重线性回归分析探讨社区老年人内在能力的影响因素。 结果 本研究共发放问卷360份，回收有效问卷360份，问卷有效回收率为100.0%（360/360）。360名社区老年人内在能力总体受损率为90.3%（325/360），各领域受损率由高到低分别是感觉、心理、活力、认知、运动。多重线性回归分析结果显示，年龄、性别、居住方式、受教育程度、工作状态、握力、老年综合征数量、自评健康状况、负性生活事件、社交活动数量、交通条件、社会安全保障是社区老年人内在能力的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 社区老年人内在能力受损率较高。基层医务人员在健康促进工作中应重视社区老年人内在能力的评估，及早识别内在能力下降的老年人，进行有效干预，以预防老年人失能和照护依赖。 Objective To explore the current situation of the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From September 2022 to March 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 360 elderly community residents from Xicheng District, Beijing, and Xingtai City, Hebei Province, as the research subjects. The subjects were surveyed using the Intrinsic Capacity Assessment Questionnaire, Intrinsic Capacity Influencing Factors Questionnaire, Barthel Index, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Results A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, and 360 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 100.0% (360/360). The overall impairment rate of intrinsic capacity among 360 elderly people in the community was 90.3% (325/360), and the impairment rates in various fields from high to low were sensation, psychology, vitality, cognition, and exercise. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, residential pattern, education level, work status, grip strength, number of geriatric syndrome, self-rated health status, adverse life events, number of social activities, transportation conditions, and social security were the influencing factors of the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The impairment rate of intrinsic capacity among elderly people in the community is relatively high. Grassroots medical and nursing staff should assess the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community in health promotion work, identify elderly people with decreased intrinsic capacity early and carry out effective interventions to prevent elderly people from becoming disabled and dependent on care.
Abstract
Objective To explore the current situation of the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From September 2022 to March 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 360 elderly community residents from Xicheng District, Beijing, and Xingtai City, Hebei Province, as the research subjects. The subjects were surveyed using the Intrinsic Capacity Assessment Questionnaire, Intrinsic Capacity Influencing Factors Questionnaire, Barthel Index, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Results A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, and 360 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 100.0% (360/360). The overall impairment rate of intrinsic capacity among 360 elderly people in the community was 90.3% (325/360), and the impairment rates in various fields from high to low were sensation, psychology, vitality, cognition, and exercise. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, residential pattern, education level, work status, grip strength, number of geriatric syndrome, self-rated health status, adverse life events, number of social activities, transportation conditions, and social security were the influencing factors of the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The impairment rate of intrinsic capacity among elderly people in the community is relatively high. Grassroots medical and nursing staff should assess the intrinsic capacity of elderly people in the community in health promotion work, identify elderly people with decreased intrinsic capacity early and carry out effective interventions to prevent elderly people from becoming disabled and dependent on care.
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