康德:世界的更好状态从教育而来
Kant:A Better State of the World Arises from Education
陈家琪1
作者信息
- 1. 同济大学 人文学院,上海 200092
- 折叠
摘要
康德在他的《论教育学》中提出了一个问题,即世界的更好状态从何而来?这一问题意味着:康德相信人类全体有着更好的状态,正如他相信人类全体是在朝着不断改善的方向前进一样;康德的一切论述都是对概念的展开,他把这种展开视为人类的某种原始禀赋的不断前进.人类的原始禀赋的实现,离不开《论教育学》所展现的两种教育,这就是世界的更好状态的实现离不开教育的重要原因.康德重视法国大革命,但他并不希望德国发生那样的一场革命——教育因此愈发重要,而且教育变革应该是从上到下的.进言之,康德明确区分开了概念(理念)与乌托邦的区别,认为向人类更好状态的趋近应该是一种义务,但首先是家长和王侯们的义务,否则就会导致克伦威尔的专制共和国和法国大革命的重演.
Abstract
In his"On Pedagogy",Kant poses a question:Where does the better state of the world emerge from?This question encapsulates Kant's belief in the potential for a superior condition for all humanity,akin to his conviction that humanity is inherently progressing towards continuous improvement.All of Kant's discourses are expanded upon concepts,which he interprets as the relentless advancement of certain primal human endowments.The actualization of these primal human endowments is inextricably linked to the two forms of education depicted in"On Pedagogy",highlighting why Kant considers education as indispensable for achieving a better state of the world.While Kant certainly esteemed the French Revolution,he did not desire a similar upheaval in Germany,thereby underscoring the heightened importance of education and advocating for a top-down educational reform.To delve deeper,Kant distinctly delineates the differences between concepts(ideas)and utopias,positing that the pursuit of a superior state for humanity should be regarded as a duty,which is initially incumbent upon parents and sovereigns,lest it leads to a reenactment of Cromwell's autocratic republic or the French Revolution.
关键词
更好状态/内在禀赋/强制/自由/教育Key words
Better State/Innate Endowment/Enforcement/Liberty/Education引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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