摘要
本文基于珠三角地区一所地方二本院校的田野调查,聚焦毕业生"慢就业"现象,并从文化资本理论视角出发,探究形成这一现象的原因.研究发现,高等教育供求数量的不对称和供求结构的错位导致大学文凭作为"制度性文化资本"有所失效,学生"按部就班"的惯习未能转化为职场中工作机构所看重的"身体性文化资本",同时,教育产出的社会身份预期使得他们不愿"低就".为应对文化资本的失灵,毕业生群体选择通过保留应届生身份、反复备考等方式以进行"自救".本文在充分尊重市场经济人才资源配置和学生成长规律的基础上,提出了提速"慢就业"的对策,以期实现更高质量与更充分就业目标.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of"slow employment"of college graduates based on a field study of a local application-oriented undergraduate university in the Pearl River Delta region.It explores the causes of this phenomenon from the perspective of cultural capital theory.The study finds that the asymmetry in the quantity of supply and demand in higher education and the mismatch in the structure of supply and demand lead to the failure of university diplomas as"institutional cultural capital".Students'conventional habit of"following the rules"does not serve as the"physical cultural capital"valued by organizations in the workplace.At the same time,the social status expectations of educational output make them reluctant to"lower their expectations".In order to cope with the failure of cultural capital,the"slow-employed"group chooses to"save themselves"by retaining their fresh-graduate-status and repeatedly preparing for exams.Based on the allocation of human resources in the market economy and the law of students'growth,the study provides the strategy of speeding up"slow employment"in order to achieve the goal of higher quality and better employment.
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