背景:水凝胶因优越的机械及生物性能在生物医学领域占据独特优势,已成为研究热点.目前水凝胶相关研究涉及组织工程和创口敷料等方面.目的:综述水凝胶的优势性能与在口腔颌面部缺损修复领域中的应用研究进展,探讨水凝胶目前在应用推广中的局限以及在此领域所面临的挑战,为未来研究方向提供新思路.方法:利用计算机检索PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库发表的相关文献,检索词为"水凝胶,口腔颌面部缺损,机械性能,组织工程,创口敷料""hydrogel,oral and maxillofacial defects,mechanical properties,guided tissue regeneration,wound dressing".通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终纳入108篇文献进行结果分析.结果与结论:①水凝胶具有良好的生物学活性、机械可控性及刺激响应等优势性能.②聚合物、金属和陶瓷联合制备的水凝胶复合物具有适当的机械性能、生物降解性以及可控的释放速率,契合颌面骨组织工程的需求.③纤维蛋白基水凝胶可填充穿过神经缺损区域的中空神经导管并促进轴突再生和生长从而恢复颌面神经功能.④控制纳米材料和水凝胶的相互作用可以改善肌纤维定向结构的形成以促进颌面肌组织再生.⑤多糖水凝胶,因具有控制药物递送和携带生物活性分子等作用,并且与其他材料联合应用可以产生与细胞外基质相匹配的最佳支架,因此逐渐成为修复不规则牙周缺损的首选.⑥磷酸钙或碳酸钙基水凝胶中填充不规则形状或精细的组织缺损并使牙体硬组织再矿化,自组装水凝胶制备简便且生物活性优良.⑦唾液腺来源的细胞外基质样凝胶有望参与许多唾液腺疾病的治疗.⑧水凝胶可作为伤口敷料结合生物黏合剂、脱细胞生物材料、抗微生物和抗氧化剂或干细胞等而被广泛用于治疗各种伤口.⑨纤维蛋白基水凝胶在口腔颌面部缺损修复中最具潜力,其具有优良的生物相容性、柔韧性和可塑性,可与细胞、细胞外基质蛋白和各种生长因子结合,能够促进间充质干细胞的成骨分化、轴突的再生与生长、血管生成、肌管分化、唾液腺组织再生和牙周组织再生,在口腔颌面部缺损组织的修复中具有广泛前景.然而其治疗效果取决于所携带物质的功能,复杂的制备工艺、安全性和长期疗效以及口腔颌面特殊的解剖结构是阻碍推广的难题,这也为未来的研究提供了方向.
Hydrogels:role and problems in the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects
BACKGROUND:Hydrogels have become a research hotspot due to their unique advantages in the biomedical field due to their superior mechanical and biological properties.At present,related research involves tissue engineering,wound dressing and so on.OBJECTIVE:To review the advantages and properties of hydrogels and the research progress of their application in the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects,discuss the current limitations and challenges of hydrogels in application and promotion,and provide new ideas for future research directions.METHODS:Relevant literature was searched in PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang database by computer.The search terms were"hydrogel,oral and maxillofacial defects,mechanical properties,tissue engineering,wound dressing"in Chinese and"hydrogel,oral and maxillofacial defects,mechanical properties,guided tissue regeneration,wound dressing"in English.Preliminary screening was carried out by reading titles and abstracts,and articles not related to the topic of the article were excluded.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,108 articles were finally included for the result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The hydrogel has good biological activity,mechanical controllability,and stimulation response.(2)Polymer,metal,and ceramic hydrogel composites have appropriate mechanical properties,biodegradability,and controlled release rate,which are suitable for maxillofacial bone tissue engineering.(3)Fibrin-based hydrogel could fill the hollow nerve conduit through the nerve defect area and promote the regeneration and growth of axons to restore the function of maxillofacial nerve.(4)Controlling the interaction between nanomaterials and hydrogels can improve the formation of muscle fiber oriented structure to promote maxillofacial muscle tissue regeneration.(5)Polysaccharide hydrogel has gradually become the first choice for repairing irregular periodontal defects due to its ability to control drug delivery,carry bioactive molecules,and combine with other materials to produce the best scaffold matching the extracellular matrix.(6)Calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate-based hydrogels can be used to fill irregular or fine tissue defects and remineralize hard tissues.The self-assembled hydrogels are simple to prepare and have good biological activity.(7)Salivary gland-derived extracellular matrix-like gel is expected to participate in the treatment of many salivary gland diseases.(8)Hydrogels can be used as wound dressings in combination with biological adhesives,acellular biomaterials,antimicrobials,antioxidants,or stem cells to treat various wounds.(9)Fibrin-based hydrogel has the most potential in the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects.It has excellent biocompatibility,flexibility,and plasticity.It can combine with cells,extracellular matrix proteins,and various growth factors,and promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,axon regeneration and growth,angiogenesis,myotube differentiation,salivary gland tissue regeneration,and periodontal tissue regeneration.It has a broad prospect in the repair of oral and maxillofacial defects.However,its therapeutic effect depends on the function of the substance carried.The complex preparation process,its safety and long-term efficacy,and the special anatomical oral and maxillofacial structure is the problem that hinders its promotion,which also provides directions for future research.
hydrogeloral and maxillofacial defectbone tissue engineeringbiomaterialswound dressingmechanical propertyresponse to stimulireview
万方数据
维普
