Simulation Experimental and PFC2D Numerical Simulation of Rockfall Impact Force Assessment
The magnitude of rockfall impact force is crucial for the design of mountain protection struc-tures and the prevention of rockfall hazards.In this study,based on calculation formulas from different stan-dards,experimental simulations are conducted to assess the rockfall impact force.It is found that the impact force of individual rockfalls nonlinearly increases with increasing rockfall mass and descent velocity,with rockfall mass having a more significant influence on the impact force compared to descent velocity.Compara-tive analysis is performed by comparing the measured maximum impact force in physical experiments with the results obtained from PFC2D numerical simulations and calculation formulas derived from different nation-al standards,including"Technical Specification for Flexible Falling Rock Barrier Engineering(Trial)(T/CAGHP 066-2019)"and"Code for Design of Prevention Engineering for Oil and Gas Transportation Pipe-line Geological Hazard(SY/T 7040-2021)".The results show relatively close agreement.For small-scale individual rockfalls with a mass exceeding 2.4 kg,it is recommended to increase the calculated impact force value by 30%.
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