日本保险公司破产应对模式的演变与启示
Japan's Insurance Insolvency Response Model and Its Implications
谭茜元 1陈昊泽2
作者信息
- 1. 澳门科技大学法学院,澳门 999078
- 2. 福州大学法学院,福建 福州 350001
- 折叠
摘要
破产制度之完善是我国《保险法》修订的重大议题,具体包括经营健全性监管的限度、行政与司法的关系、基本制度架构的构建等方面.破产浪潮中,日本构建起完备的保险破产应对模式,具备参考价值.因应行业成长期乱象,日本逐步形成国家、行业兜底破产风险的模式.泡沫经济破裂后,日本《保险业法》回归保险特殊性,以早期改正措施、破产启动、保险合同变更转移、投保人保护机构等制度构建保险公司破产行政模式.日本《金融更生法》增设保险破产应对的司法模式,补全了破产制度的效率性、公正性短板.日本保险公司破产应对模式的启示在于,构建保险破产制度时需要基于政府对行业风险管控力有限的认知;投保人保护理念宜从全面保护转向自己责任原则;行政主轴下引入司法程序可强化公平性与效率性;我国保险破产制度的规范建构需要以重整程序为基础,优化保险破产原因制度,从启动主体、决议方式等方面细化保险合同变更转移制度.
Abstract
The revision of Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China faces critical challenges,inclu-ding defining the boundaries of solvency regulation,balancing administrative and judicial authority,and establishing a robust institutional framework for insolvency.Japan's comprehensive model for addressing insurance insolvency,developed through its own economic transitions,provides valuable insights.During its growth phase,Japan introduced a dual approach,with the state and industry mitigating insolvency risks.Following the economic bubbles collapse,the Japan's Insurance Business Act emphasized insurance-specific administrative measures,incorporating early corrections,insolvency initiation,contract modifi-cations and transfers,and policyholder protection mechanisms.Supplementing this,the Japan's Act on Special Measures for the Reorganization Proceedings of Financial Institutions introduced judicial proce-dures,enhancing the fairness and efficiency of the system.Japan's experience highlights the importance of acknowledging governmental limits in risk control,transitioning policyholder protection towards self-re-sponsibility,and integrating judicial processes into administrative systems to optimize equity and efficien-cy.For China,building its insurance insolvency framework should prioritize reorganization mechanisms,refine the causes of insolvency,and improve processes for insurance contract modification and transfer,addressing initiation and decision-making comprehensively.
关键词
金融危机/刚性兑付/偿付能力/破产重整/投保人保护Key words
financial crisis/rigid redemption/solvency/bankruptcy reorganization/policyholder protec-tion引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据