Challenges and Technological Innovations in the Jiaozhou Bay Second Submarine Tunnel Project
The Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel is the world's longest subsea road tunnel project,con-structed using a combination of drilling + blasting and shield tunnelling methods.The total length of the tunnel is 17.5 km,with the deepest point about 115 m below sea level.The area is fraught with geological challenges,including submarine fault zones,deeply weathered troughs,and weak fractured zones,with 22 identified tectonic zones,making it the largest and longest undersea tunnel mega project in the world to date.The project faced significant engineering challenges,described as"three majors and four extremes,"and undertook numerous leading-edge technological in-novations in design and construction.This paper reviews the construction history and experiences of subsea tunnels and addresses the challenges and considerations in the construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel,aiming to provide references and insights for similar future engineering projects.
Jiaozhou BayUltra-long subsea tunnelCombined construction methodLarge-scale mechanized con-struction support
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