To investigate the damage characteristics of tunnel structures under fault dislocation,a model for tunnels crossing faults was developed based on layered dislocation theory and a concrete incremental elasto-plastic damage model.The damage characteristics of lining structures under different conditions were analyzed,and the model's ac-curacy was verified using actual engineering cases.The results indicate that:Composite linings struggle to resist large-scale dislocation.For the case study tunnel,the composite lining structure at the fault failed under moderate-to-strong seismic events with a magnitude of Mw=5.0～5.2;With changes in the fault dislocation angle,the tensile and compressive damage zones of the lining structure shift correspondingly.Tensile damage zones align with the di-rection of fault dislocation,while compressive damage zones are perpendicular to the dislocation direction;Strike-slip dislocation causes more severe damage to lining structures compared to dip-slip dislocation;With increasing burial depth,the damage zones of the lining structure gradually concentrate near the fault and the haunches of the lining.
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