Objective This study was to analyze the effect of AIDS health education and behavioral intervention to rural left-behind women,so as to provide scientific basis and proper working approches for effectively carrying out AIDS health education.Methods Based on baseline survey,AIDS health education and behavioral intervention to the target population were carried out and evaluated one year later by questionnaires.Results Rural left-behind women were generally undereducated,with over 80% under Middle-School education.Through a year of health education and behavior intervention,left-behind women's awareness rate to single-problems of AIDS was significantly improved,and the overall awareness rate reached 86.4% (P<0.01).Their attitude toward AIDS and AIDS patients was significantly improved (P<0.01).Condom usage by husband and wife during reunion raised from 1.1%before intervention to 57.7% after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Their awareness of medical equipment safety was evidently improved (P<0.01).Conclusion It is feasible and effective to protect the health of rural left-behind women and prevent the spread of AIDS to rural areas through AIDS health education and behavioral intervention to rural left-behind women.