Sex difference in human diseases:mechanistic insights and clinical implications

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外文摘要：Sex characteristics exhibit significant disparities in various human diseases,including prevalent cardiovascular diseases,cancers,metabolic disorders,autoimmune diseases,and neurodegenerative diseases.Risk profiles and pathological manifestations of these diseases exhibit notable variations between sexes.The underlying reasons for these sex disparities encompass multifactorial elements,such as physiology,genetics,and environment.Recent studies have shown that human body systems demonstrate sex-specific gene expression during critical developmental stages and gene editing processes.These genes,differentially expressed based on different sex,may be regulated by androgen or estrogen-responsive elements,thereby influencing the incidence and presentation of cardiovascular,oncological,metabolic,immune,and neurological diseases across sexes.However,despite the existence of sex differences in patients with human diseases,treatment guidelines predominantly rely on male data due to the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials.At present,there exists a substantial knowledge gap concerning sex-specific mechanisms and clinical treatments for diverse diseases.Therefore,this review aims to elucidate the advances of sex differences on human diseases by examining epidemiological factors,pathogenesis,and innovative progress of clinical treatments in accordance with the distinctive risk characteristics of each disease and provide a new theoretical and practical basis for further optimizing individualized treatment and improving patient prognosis.

作者：

Yuncong Shi、Jianshuai Ma、Sijin Li、Chao Liu、Yuning Liu、Jie Chen、Ningning Liu、Shiming Liu、Hui Huang

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作者单位：

Department of Cardiology,the Eighth Affiliated Hospital,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases,Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen,China

Department of Radiotherapy,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China

Department of Cardiology,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases,the Second Affiliated Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,China

基金：

in by the National Key Research and Development ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaCentral Military Commission Key Project of Basic Research for ApplicationRegional Joint Funding Key Project of Guangdong Basic Research and Basic Research for ApplicationShenzhen Science and Technology ProgramShenzhen Science and Technology ProgramShenzhen Science and Technology ProgramShenzhen Medical Research FundShenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction FundFutian District Public Health Scientific Research Project of ShenzhenChinese Association of Integrative Medicine-Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals FundChina Heart House-Chinese Cardiovascular Association HX fundNational Natural Science Foundation of China

项目编号：

2020YFC2004405823300218206116037282270771BWJ21J0032021B1515120083KCXFZ20211020163801002ZDSYS20220606100801004SGDX20230116092459009B2302020SZXK002FTWS2022001HMPE2022022022-CCA-HX-09082073408

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.1038/s41392-024-01929-7

信号转导与靶向治疗(英文)

CSTPCD

ISSN：

年,卷(期)：2024.9(10)