人如何实现自由——马克思与庄子比较研究
How Can People Achieve Freedom?——A Comparative Study of Marx and Zhuangzi
李宗敏1
作者信息
摘要
在马克思与庄子的思想体系中,自由始终是二人关注的主要内容.庄子研究个体的人,推崇人的自然性;马克思以人的自然性为逻辑起点,不断深化对人的社会性的认识.在庄子看来,人的自由是在对政治及现实社会的否定中实现的;而马克思认为人实现自由是以生产力的提高为基础,消灭私有制为目标的.庄子对个人实现自由的方式的阐述,体现出肉体的自由—精神的自由—人实现自由的思想逻辑;马克思思想中则体现出精神自由—实践自由—个人全面自由的思想逻辑.马克思与庄子都推崇政府的服务功能,弱化甚至消解政府的管理功能.马克思与庄子在实现自由的问题上呈现的不同并非对立关系,反而显示出极强的互补性.
Abstract
In the thought systems of Marx and Zhuangzi,freedom has always been a major concern of both of them.Zhuangzi studied the individual human being and promoted the naturalness of man;Marx took the naturalness of man as a logical starting point and deepened his understanding of the social nature of man.For Zhuangzi,human freedom is achieved in the negation of politics as well as real society;whereas Marx sees the realization of human freedom as based on the increase of productive forces and the elimination of private ownership as the goal.Zhuangzi's elaboration of the way in which the individual achieves freedom reflects the ideological logic of freedom of the body-freedom of the spirit-man's realization of freedom;In Marx's thought,the logic of the idea of freedom of the spirit-freedom of prac-tice-the full freedom of the individual is reflected.Both Marx and Zhuangzi promote the service function of government and weaken or even dissolve the management function of government.The difference between Marx and Zhuangzi in achieving freedom is not an antagonistic relationship,but rather a strong complementarity.
关键词
马克思/庄子/自由/人/社会Key words
Marx/Zhuangzi/freedom/man/society引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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