Facing the historical trend of impending unification and increasing centralization of monarchical power at the end of the Warring States period,Han Fei proposed a Legalist-oriented concept of"governance by non-action"(wu wei er zhi).Compared with the"non-action"ideas of Confucianism and Taoism,Han Fei's perspective is rooted in the monarch's position,advocating for the integration of"law(fa),strategy(shu),and power(shi)"to interpret"governance by non-action".This"non-action"means the monarch practices non-action while the ministers take action,organically com-bining"non-action"and"action".This is manifested in the institutionalization of laws and the flexible application of strategic governance,creatively promoting the transformation of non-action from Daoist thought to Legalist principles.
Han Feifa(法)shu(术)shi(势)monarch's non-action and ministers'action
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