Bryophyte is an important category of plant kingdom, has small body and extensive adaptability. Because the research bryophyte in Xinjiang starts late, the current research field is mainly in classical taxon-omy, moss flora, and study of morphological anatomy, specialized subject, exclusive research. The research of bryophyte ecology and moss plant diversity is rare. The article expounds the research of bryophyte in Xinjiang development course and present situation, research direction and prospect of bryophyte in Xinjiang.