首页|Single-track geometrical characteristics under different energy input and mass addition in coaxial laser cladding
Single-track geometrical characteristics under different energy input and mass addition in coaxial laser cladding
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To provide a broad processing window with a high deposition rate,a comprehensive analysis of single-track geometrical characteristics over a wide range of laser energies and mass inputs in laser cladding is necessary.The formation of a single cladding track of Inconel 718 on a sub-strate by coaxial laser cladding,with a wide range of laser power from 1 200 W to 3 900 W and a powder feeding rate from 5 g/min to 35 g/min,was studied from both theoretical and experimental points of view.A quantitative model of powder concentration distribution was developed based on the powder transport morphology obtained by high-speed photography.Linear regression models were established between nine geometrical characteristics and the combined process parameters of laser power and powder feeding rate,written as PaFβ,to quantitatively analyze the geometrical characteristics of the clad.These were confirmed by large correlation coefficients and analysis of residuals.From the findings we deduced that more energy input enhanced the outward direction of Marangoni convection,leading to the melt pool undergoing evolution from shallow dilution and flat dilution to fluctuating dilution.An almost linear rela-tionship was found between the cladding width,W,and the laser power,indicating that laser energy accumulation was a major factor in the evolution of W.The increase ratio of the cladding height,hc,ranged from 640％to 360％along with an increase in the powder feeding rate,implying that the evo-lution of hc,was dominated by the powder feeding rate.The total area of the cross-section,A;the area of the clad,Ac;the area of the molten substrate,Am;the total height of the cross-section,H;the penetration depth,hm;the dilution ratio,D;and the wetting angle,θ,were determined by a complex cou-pling of energy input and mass accumulation,and they are proportional to P0.5F0.2,P0.2F0.5,P0.5/F0.2,P0.3F,P0.5/F0.2,P0.2/F0.2,and P0.2/F0.2,respectively.This research aims to provide general knowledge on the influence of energy input and mass addition on the geometrical characteristics of the clad and its related influence mechanism.Such information could provide a reference and basis for promoting the practi-cal application of laser cladding technology.
NETL
NSTL
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