Objective To explore the value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels detection for recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).Methods A total of 96 patients suffering from PAF to receive RFCA in our hospital from Feb.2013 to Nov.2014 were selected as research subjects and divided into group A (recurrence group,n =26) and group B(non-recurrence group,n =70) according to the recurrence during the follow-up period.The BNP levels in both groups were detected before RFCA and on the seventh day after RFCA.The detection results were compared and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn according to the baseline of BNP levels to forecast the risk of postoperative recurrence and analyze the relationship between BNP levels and postoperative recurrence.Results (1)The preoperative plasma BNP levels in group A were significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05);seven days after the operation,the BNP levels in the two groups were (489.9 ± 208.9)pg/ml and (433.6 ± 215.5)pg/ml,without significant difference (P> 0.05),but significantly decreased (P< 0.05);(2)ROC curve showed that the cutoff value of BNP to forecast the postoperative recurrence was 622.51 pg/ml,at which the forecasted specificity and sensitivity of postoperative recurrence was 81.4% and 94.8%,respectively.Conclusion plasma BNP levels monitoring plays an important role in evaluating the risk of recurrence of PAF after RFCA,and has positive significance for the development of follow-up treatment plans.