Objective To explore the effects and make aesthetic analysis of single-hole retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of parapelvic cyst.Methods A total of 110 patients with parapelvic cyst to receive treatment in our hospital were divided into a single-hole group (n=60) and a control group (n=50) according to different operation methods.The control group was treated with traditional three-hole rear laparoscopic surgery and the single-hole group with single-hole retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.The effects and postoperative aesthetics between the two operation methods were compared.Results The operation time in the single-hole group was much longer than that in the control group (P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the intraoperative amount of bleeding,drainage,intestinal recovery time,drainage tube removal time and the length of stay between the two groups (P > 0.05).On the fourth day after the operation,the VAS scores in the single-hole group were lower than those in the control group,while the aesthetic scores of incision were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of tuming to open operation during operation and the incidence of intraoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05).During the 12-month follow-up visit,the incidence of postoperative complications in the single-hole group and the control group was 3.33% and 2.00%,respectively (P > 0.05);there was no cyst recurrence in the two groups.~ In the treatment of parapelvic cyst,single-hole retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery and traditional three-hole retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery have the same effects.Although single-hole retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery has longer operation time,the cosmetic effects are better.