Effects of different organic bacterial fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato and cherry tomato
[Objective]To improve the yield and quality of tomato and cherry tomato and reduce the incidence of plant diseases and pests,the effects of different microbial agents in composting and planting were explored.[Method]Taken'Wanza 20'tomato and'Jinying'cherry to-mato as experimental materials,during composting,three kinds of microbial agents and their mixtures were added respectively and two for-mulas were formulated after the organic fertilizer was mature(formula S was peat soil:coconut bran:organic fertilizer=6:2:2,formula F was peat soil:vermicompost:coconut bran:organic fertilizer=4:3:1:2,and 1-4 in the formula represented Bacillus subtilis,B.megaterium,nitrogen fixing bacteria and mixed bacteria,respectively.The B.subtilis group and the mixture group were selected for planting experiments,and their effects on promoting growth and disease prevention were explored through elevated cultivation.[Result]Single or mixed microbial agents could improve soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity.Meanwhile,it could also enhance the yield and fruit quality of to-mato and cherry tomato,and reduce the plant incidence rate,but the effect of mixed microbial agents was significantly highter than that of single agent.B.subtilis was beneficial to the increase of composting temperature,and there may be antagonistic effect of multiple strains in the mixed bacteria.All treatment groups could effectively improve soil enzyme activity,among which the effect of F4 group was more signifi-cant.In tomato bacterial wilt,the dead seedling rate of formula S was slightly higher than that of formula F.The dead seedling rates of S and F formulas,respectively,were 7.55％and 5.03％,and an average mortality rate of 3.14％.In blossom-end rot,the incidence rate of for-mula S was lower than that of formula F,and the incidence of S1 was slightly lower than that of S4,that was,B.subtilis had the best effect.Compared to formula F,the yield of formula S in tomato increased by 3.47％,and the yield of S4 significantly increased by 44.98％com-pared with that of S1.It indicated that the addition of mixed agents in the formula S had a significant effect on tomato yield,which was much greater than the single effect of bacteria.The yield of formula F in cherry tomato increased by 17.02％compared to formula S,but the effects of single and mixed bacteria were not significant.The contents of vitamin C,soluble sugar,lycopene and total selenium in fruits of all treatment groups were effectively increased.According to principal component analysis,the fruit quality of tomato planted in F4 group and cherry tomato planted in S4 group was better,indicating that the fruit quality planted with mixed bacteria was better,but there were differ-ences in the applicable formulas.[Conclusion]The mixed bacteria group contributed to improving the microbial environment of the sub-strate,thereby improving the growth promoting and disease-resistant ability,and effectively improving the yield and quality of tomato and cherry tomato,as well as reducing the incidence rate of diseases and pests.
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