[Objective]The phenotypic traits of 385 sugarcane germplasms were compared to provide reference for mining and utilizing excel-lent sugarcane germplasm resources and breeding sugarcane varieties with strong adaptability in Guangxi.[Method]A total of 385 sugarcane germplasms collected from Guangxi,Guangdong,Yannan and Taiwan of China as well as America were planted in the field by barrel plant-ing.The differences and correlations of five important phenotypic traits,including effective stalk number,stalk diameter,leaf length,leaf width and brix,were analyzed in the early stage of sugarcane maturity.The phenotypic traits were comprehensively evaluated,and the excel-lent sugarcane germplasms with strong adaptability were screened out.[Result]Sugarcane germplasms from different sources had rich genetic diversity,and their phenotypic traits showed great differences.The results of phenotypic evolution trend analysis showed that the brix of sug-arcane germplasms in Guangdong and Yunnan of China as well as America showed the increasing trend,reaching the highest value in genera-tion 4 or 5,and the leaf length of sugarcane germplasms in Guangxi and Yunnan of China as well as America increased to different extents.Correlation analysis showed that leaf length had a significant positive correlation with brix and effective stalk number(P＜0.05,the same as below),and had extremely significant positive correlation with stalk diameter(P＜0.01,the same as below).There was a significant posi-tive correlation between leaf width and leaf length,and extremely significant positive correlation with the number of effective stalk.Brix was extremely positively correlated with the number of effective stalks,but significantly negatively correlated with stem diameter.The 365 sugar-cane germplasms were divided into 11 groups by cluster analysis.Among them,14 sugarcane germplasms such as Guitang 23,Guitang 32,Guitang 37 and Guitang 44 were clustered into group Ⅴ,and the combined performance on phenotypic traits such as brix,stalk diameter and effective stalk number were better than other groups.[Conclusion]385 sugarcane germplasms had rich genetic basis.There were significant or extremely significant correlations between leaf traits and the components of sugar production,and there were mutual constraints between the components of sugar production.Fourteen early-maturing sugarcane germplasms were screened,including Guitang 23,Guitang 32,Guitang 37 and Guitang 44,etc.
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