Diversity and driving factors of rhizosphere bacteria in rubber trees based on metagenomic technology
[Objective]The present study aimed to analyze the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of rubber trees and the environmental driving factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the planting and management mode of rubber plantation.[Method]Metagenomic sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria and environmental factors from the perspectives of different ecological niches.[Result]In terms of species composition,a total of 150 phyla,240 classes,414 orders,809 families,3284 genera and 26 710 species of bacteria were detected,and the dominant phyla of rubber trees rhizosphere bacteria were Proteobacteria(39.05％),Actinobacteria(29.91％)and Acidobacteria(16.18％).The distribution of the community was visualized by principal coordinate analysis,and it was found that the distribution of rhizosphere and soil samples was signifi-cantly different,and the distribution of root surface bacteria and soil and rhizosphere bacteria was significantly different,which was also veri-fied by permutation multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA).In terms of diversity,the diversity of bacterial communities in differ-ent parts of the rhizosphere of rubber tree was as follows in the soil＞rhizosphere＞root surface,and the Shannon index of α diversity was significantly different in soil and root surface(P＜0.01),and the difference between rhizosphere and root surface was extremely significant(P＜0.001).However,there was no significant difference between soil and rhizosphere(P＞0.05).The α diversity of root surface bacteria was significantly different from that of the other two niche compartments.In terms of driving factors,linear regression analysis showed that bacterial α diversity was negatively correlated with pH and available potassium(AK)(pH:R2=0.53,P＜0.001;AK:R2=0.20,P=0.005),which was positively correlated with temperature,precipitation and nitrate nitrogen(NN),and pH was the most important environ-mental factor affecting the diversity of bacterial α.RD A analysis showed that pH and season had the greatest impact on the diversity of bacte-rial β,and were the most important environmental factors affecting the diversity of bacterial β,and season,pH,total potassium,total phos-phorus,soil organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and available potassium were significantly correlated with soil bacterial communities in rubber plantations(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]There were significant niche differences in the diversity and composition of bac-terial communities in the rhizosphere of rubber trees,and pH and season were the most important environmental factors affecting the diversity of microbial communities.
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