Analysis of agronomic traits and stress tolerance of tested winter wheat lines in regional test in Longdong dryland
[Objective]The variation patterns of agronomic traits and comprehensive performance of stress resistance of wheat lines were ana-lyzed in regional test of Longdong,Gansu province in recent years,to provide reference for breed improvement in dryland wheat of Longdong region.[Method]192 winter wheat lines(without control)were used in the Longdong dryland wheat regional test in 2005-2022,and major agronomic traits,such as yield,growth period,basic seedling,total stem number,number of effective spike,plant height,spike length,grain number per spike,and thousand kernel weight were comprehensively analyzed by correlation analysis,multiple regression analysis,path analy-sis and cluster analysis,in addition,the tested lines were evaluated for stress tolerance(cold resistance,drought tolerance,lodging resistance,stripe rust,leaf rust,powdery mildew).[Result]The results showed that the yield of tested lines was 2791.65-5979.29 kg/hm2,with an average of 4635.75 kg/hm2.The coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits was as follows:yield(17.16％)＞number of effective spike(14.40％)＞plant height(11.37％)＞grain number per spike(9.65％)＞thousand kernel weight(9.54％)＞spike length(9.47％)＞total stem number(8.55％)＞basic seedling(8.08％)＞growth period(1.21％);Yield,number of effective spike,grain number per spike,thousand kernel weight and plant height increased slowly with the advance of the year,while the growth period decreased slowly.The results of correlation analysis indicated that yield was significantly and positively correlated with the grain number per spike(r=0.645),thousand kernel weight(r=0.594)and plant height(r=0.475),and a highly significant positive correlation was found between number of effective spike and grain number per spike(r=0.729).Multiple regression analysis revealed that spike length,grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight determined 66％of the variance in yield.The results of the pathway analysis demonstrated that the direct(P=0.485)and comprehensive contribution(P=0.615)of thousand kernel weight were the largest,followed by the grain number per spike(P=0.471,P=0.543),and the direct(P=0.326)and comprehensive contribution(P=0.268)of spike length were the smallest.Cluster analysis divid-ed the tested wheat lines into 5 categories,which the lines in the first group had high yield and thousand kernel weight,and the rest of the ag-ronomic traits were more coordinated,accounting for 7.29％,making them ideal materials for selecting and breeding excellent lines(varie-ties).Stress resistance analysis showed that more than 66％of the tested lines had strong cold resistance,drought resistance and lodging re-sistance.Meanwhile,more than 55％of the tested lines were immune or highly resistant to stripe rust,leaf rust and powdery mildew.[Conclu-sion]The overall yield level of the tested lines is relatively low and unstable,and the yield and number of effective spike are greatly affected by the environment.Grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight are the main factors affecting the yield of dryland wheat in Long-dong,and the yield can be improved by increasing grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight at the same time.Moreover,varieties with high yield and wide adaptability should have strong comprehensive resistance to cold,drought and disease.
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