Effects of rotating combined with spent mushroom substrate returning of Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers.on rhizosphere soil environment,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco
[Objective]The study aimed to investigate effects of rotating combined with spent mushroom substrate returning of Morchella escu-lenta(L.)Pers.on improving soil environment,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,and further rationally optimize planting system.[Method]Using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as material,field experiments were carried out with two kinds of planting patterns including flue-cured tobacco-M.esculenta-flue-cured tobacco rotation(Al),flue-cured tobacco-winter leisure-flue-cured tobacco rotation(A2).In every rotation pattern,three application methods of M.esculenta spent mushroom substrate(AMMR)were used,including no AM-MR(Bl),mechanical rotary tillage(B2),pond(B3).Rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties,microorganisms,plant growth,yield and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco under the above various condition were compared.[Result]Soil physicochemical proper-ties and leaf chemical composition could be controlled by planting pattern and AMMR.Of which,the interaction effect between the planting pattern and AMMR was the largest,followed by the single application of AMMR.Among them,the combination of A1B2,A1B3,A2B2 and A2B3 could effectively improve soil bulk density,porosity and large particle size aggregate content,and regulate soil CEC,pH and nutrients,additionally,A1B2 showed the most obvious effect.Compared with A1B1,the contents of soil organic matter,available N,P and K of A1B2 significantly increased by 22.71％,5.07％,20.94％and 32.55％,respectively.Moreover,comparing to A1B1 and A2B1,the combination of A1B2,A1B3,A2B2 and A2B3 significantly increased number of soil fungi,bacteria and actinomyces by 1.13-2.93 times.The contents of carbon,nitrogen,and ratio of carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass increased by 42.19％-77.46％,25.68％-59.97％and 3.55％-28.99％,respectively.It could significantly improve leaf area,proportion of high-grade tobacco,yield and output value.Among them,the out-put value of A1B2 had the largest increase,significantly increasing by 15.05％and 29.12％respectively compared with the output value of A1B1 and A2B1.The regulatory effect of each factor on the availability index of chemical components in tobacco leaves was as follows:A × B interaction＞AMMR＞planting pattern.Compared with A1B1 and A2B1,A1B2,A1B3,A2B2 and A2B3 significantly reduced total sugar and total nitrogen,and increased potassium content.Moreover,the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine decreased,while the contents of po-tassium increased.The planting pattern mainly affected total nitrogen and potassium content of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion]Using the plant-ing mode of flue-cured tobacco-M.esculenta-flue-cured tobacco combing with mechanical rotary tillage application of AMMR is beneficial to improve soil permeability and aggregate structure,enhance soil fertility,increase soil microbial community abundance,promote the leaf growth,yield,output value of flue-cured tobacco,and the leaf chemical composition is more coordinated.
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