Spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in cultivated land in major temperate climate areas in Yunnan province
[Objective]The paper aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of soil nutrient characteristics and fertilizer supply capacity in the main distribution areas of temperate climate types in Yunnan province,to facilitate scientific guidance on fertilization and to ensure steady im-provement in the level of soil fertility and stable crop yield.[Method]From 2019 to 2022,1880 topsoil samples were collected from the north-west,northeast,and central northern regions in Yunnan province,which were the main temperate climate types,in order to analyze the current status of soil nutrient and fertility,and to clarify the spatial distribution of and differences in soil nutrients in the main distribution areas of the climate types.[Result]The soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all belonged to the rich level or a-bove in the main distribution areas of temperate climate type in Yunnan province,with average contents of 39.86 g/kg,2.09 g/kg,29.17 mg/kg and 166.31 mg/kg,and the proportion of the rich level or above were 66.85％,73.19％,54.11％and 40.25％,respectively.There was a good linear positive correlation between soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content,and soil nutrient changing trends among different soil types were similar.Brown soil had the highest organic matter and total nitrogen content,followed by yellow brown soil,paddy soil,while purple soil and dry red soil had lower levels.The total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,slowly available potassi-um,and pH in soil of cultivated land in the northwest region in Yunnan province were significantly higher than those in northeastern and north-central Yunnan(P＜0.05),and the contents of total nitrogen,available potassium and slowly available potassium in soil in the central-north region were also significantly higher than those in the northeastern region in Yunnan province.The soil available potassium in the northeastern and central northern regions in Yunnan province was deficient,with a deficiency ratio of 36.99％and 45.69％,respectively.[Conclusion]It was nec-essary to pay attention to balance fertilization in the northwest regions in Yunnan province to ensure the balanced absorption and utilization of nutri-ents by crops.Organic fertilizer should be increased in the northeast and central northern regions in Yunnan province,and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately increased according to crop types to steadily improve the soil fertility of cultivated land and crop yield.
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