Biological characteristics of anthesis and pollination of Annona squamosa L.and fruit differences under different pollination methods
[Objective]The paper aimed to explore the biological characteristics of flowering and pollination of Annona squamosa L.,to lay the foundation for the study of the reproductive breeding system of A.squamosa,and also for the hybrid breeding and production of A.squa-mosa to provide a theoretical basis.[Method]A.squamosa varieties Damu,Gefner and AP were taken as the objects of study,and its flower morphology and flowering process were observed,using scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology,and its visiting and pollinating insects were investigated;Rate of pollen germination,stigma pollination at different flowering processes were determined,and ar-tificial pollination comparison test was conducted,fruit setting rate and fruit characteristics were recorded and analyzed.[Result]A.squamo-sa flowers were green with a special structure,the pollination chamber was semi-closed and the main pollinating insects were small beetles and thrips.The pollen was tetrads,radially symmetrical,with a reticulated carved pattern on the outer wall,with crisscrossed patterns on the ridges of Damu,and inconspicuous dotted projections on the ridges of Gefner and AP.The pollen had some vigour before flowering,then pollen vigour increased over time,reaching a maximum at the pollen scattering period,then declined,stigma was pollenable at the unopened period,and stigma pollenability was still strong at initial opening to fully open period,and stigma pollenability was weak at pollen scattering period.The fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was 74.67％and that of natural pollination was 32.22％.There was no significant difference in the quality of fruits between different pollination methods(P＞0.05,the same as below),and the fruits of artificial pollination had better fruit shape and greater values of single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters,number of seeds,and edible rate.Vi-tamin C,soluble sugar,protein,total acid,total phenols,total flavonoids,total amino acids contents as well as potassium,calcium,sodi-um,magnesium,iron,manganese,zinc elements contents did not differ significantly from the contents of naturally pollinated fruits.[Con-clusion]The flowers of A.squamosa are heteroecious,with semi-closed pollination chambers.The main pollinating insects are small beetles and thrips.The fruit setting rate of the artificial pollination treatment is significantly higher than that of the natural pollination treatment,and the fruit quality is similar to that of the natural pollination treatment,but with better fruit shape.
万方数据
维普
