Critique and Transcendence:Rethinking Marx and Rousseau's Equality Thoughts
Marx's and Rousseau's thoughts on equality are one of the important topics in modern political philosophy,and the relationship between their thoughts has also been a subject of attention and controversy.Both of them regard private ownership as the root of human inequality and equality as the basic connotation of human emancipation.Howev-er,due to the fact that they belong to two fundamentally different intellectual traditions and theoretical paradigms,his-torical materialism and a priori rationalism,they pursue different ideal solutions and paths to achieve equality.Rousseau solves the problem of inequality by giving equal rights through a"political scheme"that recognizes private ownership,and achieves that by appealing to the"emancipation of the conceptual world".Marx,on the other hand,tries to get rid of the modern ideological fantasy of establishing an equal society from political rights or legal rights,and regards the di-alectical movement of the forces and relations of production as the fundamental driving force of social form evolution,thus constructing an"economic-social scheme"to dismantle and eliminate the dominant power relations of capitalist so-ciety,thereby opening up a realistic path for human emancipation.Marx's critique and transcendence of Rousseau's thought of equality presents the realistic basis and historical process of the development of equality ideas and the trans-formation of equality concepts in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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