摘要
为了挑战佛道的圣人观,朱子以"敬"字阐释《尚书》"钦"字,以实现其对"尧舜之道"理学圣人观的构建.从工夫修养看,朱子认为持守"钦"方看得道理尽,指出佛老工夫论过于关注心地、忽略现实的缺失问题.从体用关系看,朱子认为以"钦"体"明"用,反对佛老以"静"释"敬",以致发展出体用殊绝之弊.从圣贤境界看,朱子认为尧之德"钦"是第一个字,而佛老自谓光明,实是扰乱人伦.总体而言,朱子对"钦"的理学阐释,旨在揭示儒家与佛老何者为本,批判其持敬工夫、敬之本体及光明境界,敞开了程朱理学视域下的"尧舜之道".
Abstract
Zhu Zi explained the meaning of the word"qin"in Shang Shu as"jing(reverential)"to establish his Neo-Confucianist view on the"Ways of Yao and Shun".From the perspective of the cultivation of"qin",Zhu Zi commented that"qin"enables a thorough understanding of things and that Buddhists and Taoists focuse too much on the mental state instead of the problems in reality.In terms of the ti-yong relationship,Zhu Zi held that"qin"provides the basis on which"ming(intelligence)"depends,and opposed the Buddhist and Taoist explanations of"qin"as"jjing(tranquility)"which isolated ti and yong(the ontological existence and the expression and application).From the perspective of the virtues of the sage,Zhu Zi noted that"qin"comes first and is the most important,while what the Buddhist and Taoist claims to be the fundamental are actually false understanding.Zhu Zi's interpretation of"qin"aims to criticize the Buddhist and Taoist thoughts and clarify the"ways of Yao and Shun"from the Neo-Confucianist perspective.
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