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养老机构安全保障义务的泛化及重塑

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养老机构人身损害赔偿纠纷的司法大数据分析显示,养老机构安全保障义务边界模糊,且有不断扩张的趋势.司法实践中,存在安全保障义务标准不清晰、过度适用举证责任倒置规则、具有法定免责事由不能免责、补充责任演变为主要责任等问题.养老机构安全保障义务泛化既有立法本身模糊、缺失、矛盾等原因,也有审判人员对养老行业的现状及其发展规律认识不到位的原因.养老机构安全保障义务泛化限制了养老行业的生存和发展空间,会对实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略产生不利影响.要培育养老服务行业良好生态环境,必须厘清养老机构安全保障义务的属性、边界、标准,重塑养老机构的安全保障义务体系.
The Generalization and Reconstruction of Duty of Safety Protection of Elderly Care Institutions
The analysis of judicial data on disputes over personal injury compensation in elderly care institutions shows that the boundary of the duty of safety protection of elderly care institutions is vague,and there is a trend of continuous expansion.In judicial practice,there are problems such as unclear standards of duty of safety protection,excessive application of reversal of the burden of proof,non-exemption from liability despite statutory grounds for exemption,and the transformation of complementary liability into primary liability.The generalization of the duty of safety protection of elderly care institutions stems not only from ambiguity,omissions and contradictions in legislation,but also from the insufficient understanding by judges of the current situation and development patterns of the elderly care industry.The generalization of the duty of safety protection of elderly care institutions has constrained the space for the survival and development of the elderly care industry,and has an adverse impact on the implementation of the national strategy to actively address the population aging problem.In order to foster a good ecological environment in the elderly care industry,it is necessary to clarify the attributes,boundaries,and standards of the duty of safety protection of elderly care institutions,and reconstruct the safety and security obligation system.

elderly care institutionsguardianduty of safety protectiongrounds for exemptioncomplementary liability

王雪丹

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广东财经大学 法学院,广州 510320

养老机构 监护人 安全保障义务 免责事由 补充责任

2024

西南政法大学学报
西南政法大学

西南政法大学学报

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.595
ISSN:1008-4355
年,卷(期):2024.26(6)