Comparison on the Patterns and Their Frequency of Occurrence in Palm Prints
Palm print is one of the most important parts of dermatoglyphics and forensic science.Palm print is genetic related and also is individual unique during one's whole life.It has played and still playing a very important role in the individual identification.In this paper 720 pairs of inked palm print samples were collected and studied.Twenty two types of papillary patterns were found and their frequency of occurrence in each areas of palm was calculated.The distribution characters of triangles in tri-radiate area and the other accompanying patterns,such as stairs-like ridges and small upside-down loop in thenar area,were analyzed.The combined patterns formed in tri-radiate,thenar and hypothenar area were summarized.The characters of palm print patterns in the three areas were also discussed according to gender and hands.The result showed that three to seven triangles could be formed in tri-radiate area of palm and the number of triangles was related closely to the type and quantity of papillary patterns appearing in this area.Ninety-six point eight seven percent of the tri-radiate prints had one to three papillary patterns,in which the upside-down loop beneath ring finger and little finger has the highest overall frequency.Eight types of single papillary patterns and ten types of double combined papillary patterns have been found in the tri-radiate area,while three types of triple combined papillary patterns have been found in this area.The total occurrence frequency of the papillary patterns in the tri-radiate area was that of male higher than female and in right hand higher than in left hand.Nine point one zero percent of the thenar palm prints had papillary patterns,in which the inner sloping loop showed the highest frequency of occurrence.Stairs-like ridges were found above all of the inner sloping loops and outer horizontal loops,while only few percentage of small upside-down loops appearing above the stairs-like ridges in thenar area.The total occurrence frequency of the papillary patterns in the thenar area was that of male higher than female and in left hand higher than in right hand.Fourteen point one seven percent of the hypothenar palm prints had papillary patterns,in which the outer sloping loop showed the highest frequency of occurrence.Eight types of single papillary patterns and three types of double combined papillary patterns have been found in the hypothenar area.The occurrence frequency of the papillary patterns in the hypothenar area was that of female higher than male and in left hand higher than in right hand.Due to the limited scope of sample collection,the statistical analysis of parameters such as the types and quantities of papillary patterns appearing in various areas of palm in the paper may not be comprehensive enough.As a result,there might be small or large deviations in the calculation of various frequency values,which will be supplemented and corrected in future research.
forensic sciencepalm printpapillary patternfrequency of occurrencedermatoglyphics
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