Forensic Paradigm Development.Part 3:Objective LR Paradigm of DNA Features
The objective likelihood ratio(LR)paradigm of DNA feature is the theory and method for interpreting the evidential significance of DNA analysis findings.It is a typical representative of the forensic Bayesian likelihood ratio paradigm.The DNA feature's objective LR is the ratio of the probability of DNA feature findings quantitatively assigned based on model and data,in the context of two alternative propositions typically advocated by both of the prosecution and defense.The hierarchy of propositions includes the sub-sub source level,sub-sources level,sources level,and activity level.The LR of DNA feature findings expresses the relative support direction and strength of the DNA findings for the propositions of the prosecution and defense,providing quantitative evidence value for decision-makers to determine disputed propositional facts.Decision makers will determine the propositional facts without reasonable doubt,based on the LR opinions of DNA findings or the posterior probability of the propositions derived from LR opinions and Bayesian laws,and combined with other evidence in the case.The DNA feature's objective LR paradigm is completely different from the traditional paradigm that we are used to in terms of scientific logic,opinion formation,expression,understanding,and reasoning applications,which poses new requirements and challenges for forensic examiner and decision-makers.
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