首页|养老机构服务质量提升与以人为本的整合性照护——基于3个养老机构的实地调查

养老机构服务质量提升与以人为本的整合性照护——基于3个养老机构的实地调查

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老龄人口的快速增长正在推动老年健康照护服务市场的发展,养老机构数量的不断增加反映了这一发展趋势。通过对东部地区一线城市D及西南地区县城Y共3个养老机构的实地调查发现,一方面,机构养老运行在为个人和家庭提供一个可利用的照护服务平台、有效弥补家庭照护资源不足的同时,还促进了家庭代际关系的理性化演变,影响着消费者与服务提供者之间权利关系的建构;另一方面,调查也发现现有养老机构普遍存在的问题,包括居住环境健康标准落实不到位和人文关怀的缺乏、人力资源专业化程度较低、工作人员置换频繁、适老技术和设备的应用没有得到应有的重视、现行成本控制和质量监督机制还有很大的合理化空间等。这些反映在养老机构运行中的微观问题对宏观层面的政策制定具有重要的参考价值。针对这些问题,未来的政策制定应特别关注养老机构健康相关方面标准的优化和执行,引导养老机构建设更好的人文环境,探索照护人力资源的合理规划和利用,在照护人力资源的培养方面更加关注职业教育质量的提升,鼓励适老技术产品的研发及其在照护领域中的应用,帮助养老机构建设以大数据为依据的成本控制和质量监督机制。此外,应进一步推动照护服务市场的法治化建设,引导照护机构之间的有序竞争;加大对农村老年人和低收入家庭的财政支持,以此提高照护服务的可得性和公平性。通过推动建设一个以人为本的整合性照护体系,让我国老年人晚年生活质量有所保障。
Improving Service Quality of Elderly Care Facilities and Integrated People-Centered Elderly Care:Based on Field Investigations in Three Elderly Care Facilities
The rapid growth of elderly population is driving the development of elderly healthcare service market,and one example of the trend is the increasing number of elderly care facilities.The field survey data from three elderly care facilities in a first-tier city D in east China and a county Y in south-west China indicate that elderly care facilities not only provide available services for individuals and families and effectively make up for insufficient home-based elderly care resources,but also help to build rational intergenerational relationships in the family and the relationship of rights and obligations be-tween consumers and service providers.On the other hand,the survey data also reveal some common problems of the elderly care facilities,including lack of healthcare and humanistic standards in living environment,lack of expertise in human resources,frequent change of staff,not paying enough attention to the application of elder-friendly technologies and devices,as well as the plenty of room for improving the mechanism for cost control and quality supervision.These specific problems of elderly care facili-ties provide important reference value for policy formulation at the macro-level.To address these issues,efforts should be made to focus more on developing healthcare-related standards for elderly care facilities in the future policy-making process,encourage elderly care facilities to create more favorable humanistic environment and make better planning and use of their nursing human resources.Efforts are also needed to improve the quality of vocational education for the training of nursing human resources,encour-age the research and development of elder-friendly technological products and their applications in the el-derly care,and assist elderly care facilities in building big data-based mechanisms for cost control and quality supervision.National policies should be conducive to creating a law-based elderly care service market and encourage orderly competition among elderly care facilities.At the same time,it is also neces-sary to increase financial supports for rural elderly and low-income families so as to improve the avail-ability and fairness of elderly care services.All these policy recommendations aim to create an integrated people-centered elderly care system and ensure a high-quality life for the elderly people in China.

elderly care facilitiesquality of lifeintergenerational relationshiphuman resource and technologyintegrated elderly care

卓唯佳、王宇琴、裴晓梅

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清华大学社会学系,北京100084

养老机构 生命质量 代际关系 人力与技术 整合性照护

2024

学术论坛
广西社会科学院

学术论坛

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.633
ISSN:1004-4434
年,卷(期):2024.47(1)
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