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中国乡村治理现代化转型的战略思考

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乡村治理现代化是乡村振兴的内在要求，也是农业农村现代化的基础。中国式现代化道路的独特性，要求在新的历史条件下深入审视乡村治理现代化面临的新挑战、新机制和新方向。当前，乡村治理现代化转型面临政府治理和农民主体"双悬浮"造成治理失效、小农经济与小集体经济并存阻碍集体经济规制，由此面临"产业结构—组织形态"锁定和低利润市场空间过度竞争以及科技要素难以嵌入乡村社会经济结构等新挑战，亟须以经济基础和上层建筑转型适配为导向，运用生态新质生产力在比较优势集合、业态容积率与产权非互斥方面的新经济特性，通过多产融合、绿色增长和多元有效治理等新机制，有效规避乡村治理城市化、"反生态化"和重资产投资沉没成本过高三大"成本陷阱"，并科学地化解基层财政风险与村镇集体债务风险叠加、负债压力下乡村基层治理劣化以及乡村生态文明转型特殊风险等非典型治理风险。同时，要在转型中及时创设集体经济监管机构以保障国家安全，以"就地现代化"模式因地制宜推进农业农村现代化，以"人—自然—社会"多元治理结构重构为转型调整方向，最终实现从可持续发展到永续发展的治理现代化境界跃升。
Strategic Thinking on the Modernization and Transformation of China's Rural Governance
The modernization of rural governance is an intrinsic requirement of rural revitalization and the foundation of agricultural and rural modernization.The uniqueness of Chinese path to moderniza-tion requires an in-depth examination of the new challenges,mechanisms and directions of rural gover-nance modernization under the new historical conditions.At present,the transformation of rural gover-nance towards modernization is facing new challenges such as failure of governance due to the"double suspension"of government governance and peasant farmers as rural subjects,the coexistence of small scale peasant economy and small collective economy impeding the regulation of the collective economy,a rigid"industrial structure-form of organization",excessive competitions in low-profit markets,and the difficulties in embedding scientific and technological elements into the socio-economic structure of villag-es.Therefore,there is an urgent need for transformation and adaptation between the economic base and the superstructure and making full use of the new economic characteristics of ecologically new quality productive forces in terms of comparative advantage pooling,industry format volume ratio,and non-mu-tually exclusive property rights.It should also effectively avoid the"three major cost traps"of urbaniza-tion of rural governance,"anti-ecologization"and high sunk costs of heavy asset investment through new mechanisms such as industrial integration,green growth and diversified and effective governance.It should also scientifically address the superimposition of grassroots financial risks and the risk of collec-tive debt in villages and towns,the deterioration of grassroots governance in villages as a result of indebt-edness pressures,and the atypical risks of transformation for ecological progress in villages.And during the transformation,it is necessary to create a collective economic regulatory body in a timely manner to safeguard national security,promote agricultural and rural modernization based on the"local moderniza-tion"model,and reshape the"human-nature-society"multifaceted governance.Ultimately,the modern-ization of governance will lead to a leap from sustainable development to perpetually sustainable develop-ment.

Chinese path to modernizationagricultural and rural modernizationlocal moderniza-tionthe concept of perpetually sustainable developmentgrassroots governance

逯浩、温铁军

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新疆大学政治与公共管理学院

新疆大学乡村振兴研究院

暨南大学乡村振兴研究院学术委员会,新疆 乌鲁木齐830002

中国式现代化 农业农村现代化 就地现代化 永续发展观 基层治理

国家社会科学基金重点项目新疆维吾尔自治区"天池英才"科研项目新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费项目

21AZD12551052300404XJEDU2024J005

2024

学术论坛
广西社会科学院

学术论坛

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：0.633
ISSN：1004-4434
年,卷(期)：2024.47(1)
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