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数字化转型与农业数据资源配置的法治化路径研究

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发展农业新质生产力是实现农业高质量发展的必然要求,将传统农业转变为数字化、智能化的现代农业,实现农业的数字化转型,是发展农业新质生产力面临的重要任务之一。农业数字化转型不仅依赖数据资源和数字技术的广泛应用,也需要良好的适应数字化转型的法治环境。为实现农业数字化转型,必须建立符合农业数据要素特点的资源配置体制机制,针对农业数字化转型中数据资源供给不足、利用不充分和利用效率低等问题,以优化农业数据资源配置为目标,构建适应农业数据资源市场和政府配置要求的法律制度和机制。应加强农业数据资源配置的基础法律制度建设,明确农业公共数据的国家持有权和政府对特定农业数据的专属采集和利用权;从保障政府配置农业数据资源的公平性和高效性出发,规范政府对农业公共数据资源的生产、供给、共享以及农业数据资源高效利用的行为,落实政府在农业公共数据资源开发生产和共享方面的职责,规范农业公共数据授权运营行为,明确政府推进农业数字化转型的重点领域和具体措施;从市场高效配置农业数据资源的需要出发,完善农业数据交易当事人适格性审查、事先评估、定价、履行、善后处理规则;健全农业数据和数字技术市场反垄断、公平竞争审查和反不正当竞争机制,维护农业数据及数字化技术市场的公平竞争。
The Path to the Rule of Law for Digital Transformation and Agricultural Data Resource Allocation
The development of agricultural new quality productive forces is an inevitable require-ment for achieving high-quality agricultural development.One of important tasks in developing agricul-tural new quality productive forces is to transform traditional agriculture into digital and intelligent modern agriculture and achieve the digital transformation of agriculture.The digital transformation of agriculture not only depends on extensive applications of data resources and digital technology but also re-quires a favorable legal environment that adapts to the digital transformation.To realize the digital transformation of agriculture,it is imperative to establish the resource allocation system and mechanism that match the characteristics of agricultural data elements.To address the issues such as undersupply,insufficient utilization and low utilization efficiency of data resources during the digital transformation of agriculture,it is imperative to build the legal system and mechanism that meets the demands of the agricultural data resource market as well as the government allocation with the goal of optimizing the allocation of agricultural data resources.Efforts should be made to improve the basic legal system for the allocation of agricultural data resources and clarify the state ownership of public agricultural data as well as the exclusive right of the government to collect and utilize specific agricultural data.To ensure the fairness and efficiency of the government's allocation of agricultural data resources,it is necessary to regulate the government's behaviors in the production,supply and sharing of agricultural public data resources as well as its efficient use of agricultural data resources;the government should fulfill its responsibilities in the development,production and sharing of public agricultural data resources,and the authorized operations of public agricultural data should be regulated.In addition,the government should clarify the key areas and specific measures to promote the digital transformation of agriculture.To satisfy the needs of the market for efficient allocation of agricultural data resources,it is imperative to improve the eligibility review on the parties involved,as well as the rules on prior assessment,pricing,perfor-mance,and after services of agricultural data transactions.It should also improve the anti-monopoly,fair competition review and anti-unfair competition mechanism in the agricultural data and digital technology market so as to maintain fair competition in the agricultural data and digital technology market.

digitalization of agriculturedigital transformationdigital industrializationindustrial digitalizationnew quality productive forces

齐爱民、许偲炜

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重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

农业数字化 数字化转型 数字产业化 产业数字化 新质生产力

2024

学术论坛
广西社会科学院

学术论坛

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.633
ISSN:1004-4434
年,卷(期):2024.47(3)