Joint Emission Reduction Decision-Making and Optimization of Supply Chain Under Hybrid Carbon Regulations
Considering"carbon tax and cap-and-trade"regulations,this paper analyzed the joint emission reduction decision-making in the supply chain.Consistent with reality,a two-echelon supply chain model consisting of a leading manufacturer and a retailer was proposed,where the upstream manufacturer depended on remanufacturing and the green technology to reduce carbon emissions,and the downstream retailer conducted relevant low-carbon promotions.By taking the low-carbon goodwill as a state variable,three differential game decision-making models were constructed to analyze the impacts of hybrid carbon regulations and different decision-making models on decisions,low-carbon goodwill,profits,and total carbon emissions.The results show that compared with the existing cap-and-trade regulation,the implementation of hybrid carbon regulations can further encourage low-carbon behaviors of the manufacturer and enhance the low-carbon goodwill from a long-term perspective,but will not affect the retailer's low-carbon promotion decision-making.In addition,the supply chain decision-making mode will affect the effectiveness of hybrid carbon regulations.If the government sets a reasonable carbon tax price,compared with the decentralized decision-making mode,the centralized decision-making mode can further expand the demand for low-carbon products and enhance the positive environmental externality.Finally,the improved two-way cost-sharing contract can achieve perfect coordination of the supply chain.The results provide valuable reference for different members and the government.
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