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人力资本跨国流出、互联网与发展中国家技术创新

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人力资本是推动技术创新的核心动力.人力资本跨国流动决定了技术创新的空间布局和国际间扩散.本文从发展中国家视角实证检验了人力资本跨国流出和国内互联网普及对发展中国家国内技术创新的影响.使用2000年至2017年62个发展中国家的跨国面板数据进行的实证检验结果表明人力资本跨国流出不利于发展中国家国内技术创新,互联网普及率的提升能够缓解人力资本跨国流出对发展中国家国内技术创新的不利影响,甚至可能使人力资本跨国流出对发展中国家国内技术创新产生净的正效应.逆向技术溢出是其中重要的作用机制.当跨国流出劳动力创新能力更强时,对流出国国内技术创新的不利影响更大.在流入国为发达国家时,互联网对人力资本跨国流出技术创新效应的正向调节作用更大,但高新技术领域的技术创新无法通过逆向技术溢出获得.本文的研究结论对发展中国家人才政策和技术创新政策的制定具有重要启示.
Cross-border outflow of human capital,internet,and technology innovation in developing countries
Human capital is the core driving force for technological innovation.The transna-tional flow of human capital determines the spatial distribution and international diffusion of technological innovation.This paper investigates the impact of human capital outflow and in-ternet penetration on domestic technological innovation in developing countries.Empirical tests using panel data of 62 developing countries from 2000 to 2017 confirm that transnational out-flow of human capital is harmful to domestic technological innovation in developing countries.The increase of internet penetration in developing countries can alleviate the adverse impact of transnational outflow of human capital on domestic technological innovation,and may even make transnational outflow of human capital have a net positive effect on domestic technological innovation.Reverse technology spillover is an important mechanism.When the outflow of labor with stronger innovation capabilities,the negative impact of emigration on the technological in-novation in developing countries is greater.When the inflow country is a developed country,the positive regulatory effect of the internet on the technological innovation effect of human capital outflow is greater,but technological innovation in high-tech fields cannot be obtained through reverse technology spillover.The research findings of this paper have important implications for the formulation of talent policies and technological innovation policies in developing countries.

cross-border outflow of human capitalinternetreverse technology spillovertech-nological innovationdeveloping countries

孟祥旭、余长林

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山东大学商学院,威海 264209

山东大学 自贸区研究院,威海 264209

厦门大学宏观经济研究中心,厦门 361005

厦门大学邹至庄经济研究院,厦门 361005

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人力资本跨国流出 互联网 逆向技术溢出 技术创新 发展中国家

国家社会科学基金一般项目教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目福建省社会科学基金重点项目福建省自然科学基金

23BJY21622JJD790051FJ2022A0112022J05260

2024

10.12011/SETP2023-0414

系统工程理论与实践
中国系统工程学会

系统工程理论与实践

CSTPCDCSSCI北大核心
影响因子：1.575
ISSN：1000-6788
年,卷(期)：2024.44(3)
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