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论封闭空间污染损害的民事责任

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室内、车内等封闭空间因有害气体超标造成污染损害的情形日渐频繁,但如何确定其民事责任仍面临较大争议.仅从文义解释无法确定封闭空间污染是否应当作为环境污染侵权案件处理;但基于目的解释,封闭空间污染无法充分满足环境污染侵权所需具备的公共性、失衡性和危险性要件,因而不宜定性为环境污染侵权责任.当然,这并不意味着封闭空间污染损害不应予以救济,从体系解释的角度,封闭工作场所污染损害应以工伤保险为主,辅以一般侵权责任或产品责任;其他封闭空间的污染损害可以通过合同责任、产品责任或一般侵权责任进行救济.此外,鉴于涉及封闭空间污染的卫生健康标准是保障公众健康的"守门员",违反此类标准应当作为判断过错、损害和因果关系的重要依据.
On Civil Liability for Pollution Damage in Enclosed Spaces
Indoor,car and other closed space due to harmful gases exceeding the pollution damage caused by the situation is becoming more and more frequent,but how to determine its civil liability is still facing greater controversy.Only from the interpretation of the text cannot determine whether the closed space pollution should be dealt with as a case of environmental pollution infringement.However,based on the purpose of the interpretation,the closed space pollution cannot fully satisfy the environmental pollution infringement of publicity,imbalance and danger,and therefore should not be qualified as environmental pollution infringement liability.This does not mean that the closed space pollution damage should not be relief,from the perspective of system interpretation,the closed workplace pollution damage should be based on industrial compensation insurance,supplemented by general tort liability or product liability;other closed space pollution damage can be through the contractual liability,product liability or general tort liability for relief.In addition,in view of the health standards related to the pollution of enclosed space is to protect public health'gatekeeper',violation of such standards should be used as an important basis for judgement of fault,damage and causation.

enclosed space pollutionindoor environmentenvironmental tort liabilityproduct liabilitybreach of contract liability

张宝

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中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉 430073

封闭空间污染 室内环境 环境侵权责任 产品责任 违约责任

2024

湖南科技大学学报(社会科学版)
湖南科技大学

湖南科技大学学报(社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.783
ISSN:1672-7835
年,卷(期):2024.27(6)