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"虚构悖论"是一个真正的悖论吗?

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"虚构悖论"全称"虚构物的情绪反应悖论",实质上是一个文学、逻辑学、认知科学与当代美学前沿的跨学科综合论题.对此有两种回应方案,其一是柯林·拉福德的"非理性方案",主张这里存在一个真正的"虚构悖论",因而我们对不存在的事物产生强烈情绪反应的能力是非理性的;其二是肯达尔·沃尔顿的"描述性版本",通过揭示前提中隐藏的缺陷,否认这里存在真正的悖论,继而提出了基于"假装"的描述性方案.然而实际上,对虚构物的情绪反应介于完全的可理解性与完全的不可理解性这两个极端之间,因此不管是拉福德式的"非理性方案",还是沃尔顿式的"描述性版本",都存在不足:前者未能看到信念—情感合理性是一个程度性问题,后者则忽视了信念—情感合理性是一个规范性问题.总之,"虚构悖论"表面上不可接受的结论实际上可以被容忍,因而它不是一个真正的悖论.
Is"Fictional Paradox"a Real Paradox?
"Fictional paradox",the full name"paradox of emotional response to fiction"is actually an interdisciplinary topic in the frontiers of literature,logic,cognitive science and contemporary aesthetics.There are two possible responses to this issue.One is Colin Radford's"irrational"approach,which argues the real existence of genuine"fictional paradox"and shows that our capacity to experience strong emotional responses toward non-existent entities is inherently irrational.The second is Kendall Walton's"descriptive"approach,which denies the existence of a genuine paradox by uncovering hidden flaws in the premises and proposes a descriptive framework based on"pretending."The truth of emotional response to fiction,however,lies between the two extremes,both Radford's"irrational approach"and Walton's"descriptive version"have limitations:the former fails to recognize that the rationality of belief-emotion relationships is a matter of degree,while the latter overlooks its inherently normative nature.In summary,it serves as a genuine paradox because its seemingly unacceptable conclusion can be eventually reconciled.

fictionemotional response"fictional paradox"irrationalitynormality

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山西大学哲学学院(太原030006)

虚构物 情绪反应 "虚构悖论" 非理性 规范性

2024

新文科教育研究

新文科教育研究

ISSN:
年,卷(期):2024.(4)