摘要
青鸟是中华传统媒介文化中的重要意象和标识,它总以一种"信使"的角色出现在中国文化中.青鸟不仅是传信使者,同时也有报春使者、传情使者、仙化使者及自由使者等传播职能.青鸟的信使职能建立在多重文化编码的基础之上.上古巫文化传统中以鸟为通神媒介的信仰是青鸟信使职能的文化来源和原型编码;先秦典籍《山海经》中西王母以青鸟为使者,《左传》中少皞氏将青鸟作为司启官,这些都是青鸟信使形象的文献来源和二级编码.秦汉以后,青鸟传递的信息不断丰富,从"仙之使者""天之使者"演变为"人间信使"和"传书者".青鸟形象及其信使含义的再现与强化,是一个经多种媒介"层层编码"的过程.汉以后的志怪小说、道教以及诗词在其中发挥了重要作用."青鸟为媒"呈现了中国文化的鲜明特色.在新的时代背景下,青鸟形象仍在经历新的文化编码和演绎,传统"青鸟为媒"的意象也得到一定程度的再创造和再传承.
Abstract
The Blue Bird,a profound image and symbol in traditional Chinese media culture,has consistently embodied the role of a'messenger'in Chinese cultural narratives.Beyond its fundamental messenger function,the Blue Bird assumes diverse roles as a herald of spring,a conveyor of messages,a mythical transformer,and a symbol of freedom.The messenger aspect of the Blue Bird reflects the ancient Chinese people's admiration for birds and their communicative prowess.Rooted in ancient shamanistic cultural traditions,where birds served as intermediaries in communication,the Blue Bird's messenger function finds its cultural source and prototype coding.Pre-Qin classics,such as the'Book of Mountains and Seas'(Shanhai Jing),depicting goddess Xiwangmu employing the Blue Bird as a messenger,and'Zuo Zhuan'(Zuo's Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals),where Shaohao tasks the Blue Bird with an opening role,serve as foundational documents for the Blue Bird's messenger image and secondary coding.Following the Qin and Han dynasties,through successive coding and interpretation,the Blue Bird's messenger image evolved from being an'angel of the immortals'and'messenger of heaven'to encompass roles as the'messenger of people'and the'messenger of letters.'This multiplicative process extended to the information conveyed by the Blue Bird.The reappearance and reinforcement of the Blue Bird's image and its messenger significance constitute a multiple coding process facilitated by various media.Post-Han dynasty,the incorporation of the Blue Bird into fictions of the strange,the influence of Taoism,and its integration into pop culture and Tang dynasty poetry played pivotal mediating roles.The distinct characteristics of Chinese culture are prominently exhibited in the messenger function of the"Blue Bird as media."In the contemporary historical context,the Blue Bird's image undergoes continuous cultural coding and interpretation,with traditional representations like the"Blue Bird as media"experiencing re-creation and re-inheritance to some extent.
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