In December 2024,the CGAI(Canadian Global Affairs Institute)released the report Cyber Defence Cooperation to Deter North Korea,which pointed out that North Korea's cyber operations pose a significant threat to the international community and remain an evolving problem.The report reviews North Korea's cyber operations over the last decade,outlines South Korea's response to North Korea's cyber operations,describes Canada's cyber security cooperation with South Korea,and offers recommendations on how to deter North Korean cyber attacks.It further emphasizes that the globality of cyber operations means that countries need to enhance cooperation to improve cyber resilience by establishing formal frameworks for information sharing,conducting joint cyber exercises,and coordinating response measures.