Recent advances in producing hollow carbon spheres for use in sodium-sulfur and potassium-sulfur batteries
Sodium-sulfur(Na-S)and potassium-sulfur(K-S)batteries for use at room temperature have received widespread at-tention because of the abundance and low cost of their raw materials and their high energy density.However,their development is re-stricted by the shuttling of polysulfides,large volume expansion and poor conductivity.To overcome these obstacles,an effective ap-proach is to use carbon-based materials with abundant space for the sulfur that has sulfiphilic sites to immobilize it,and a high elec-trical conductivity.Hollow carbon spheres(HCSs)with a controllable structure and composition are promising for this purpose.We consider recent progress in optimizing the electrochemical performance of Na-/K-S batteries by using these materials.First,the ad-vantages of HCSs,their synthesis methods,and strategies for preparing HCSs/sulfur composite materials are reviewed.Second,the use of HCSs in Na-/K-S batteries,along with mechanisms underlying the resulting performance improvement,are discussed.Finally,prospects for the further development of HCSs for metal-S batteries are presented.
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