计算能力弱、存储容量小是普通物联网节点的典型特征,复杂的部署环境和不稳定的无线链路又会导致物联网网络状态频繁变化.所以,物联网中固定的传输路径无法提供高效的感知及数据传输服务.例如典型的树型路由结构中,靠近树根的节点要提供的传输任务较重,能量消耗更快,会导致整个网络部署周期变短.本文提出了一种路径可实时定义的物联网传输模型(IoT Transmission Model with Real-time Path Definition,ITRP),物联子网中所有节点将邻接关系上报给网关设备,由性能占优的有源供电网关设备来定义网络的实时路由树.网关向物联子网节点发送报文时会携带转发标签,后续转发节点只需根据标签完成报文传输,并根据上一跳信息建立其到网关的反向传输路径.ITRP模型可围绕特定的网络服务目标(节能、传输安全、带宽保障等)收集相关网络状态信息,并周期性调整路由拓扑,实现物联网传输服务的优化.实验面向能量均衡目标展开,经过10个信息采集周期,ITRP模型相对确定性路由模型能量最低节点的能耗比为44％～86％,相对自适应多径传输模型能量最低节点的能耗比为63％～86％;而且,ITRP模型只需较小的标签代价,实验环境中报文的平均标签长度不超过5比特.
IoT Transmission Model with Real-time Path Definition
Typical characteristics of Internet of Things(IoT)nodes include low computing power and small storage capacity,and the complex deployment environment and the instability of the wireless link cause frequent changes in the network status.Therefore,the fixed transmission path in the IoT cannot provide efficient perception and data transmission services.For example,In a typical tree rou-ting structure,nodes close to the tree root have to provide heavier transmission tasks and consume more energy,which leads to a shor-ter overall network deployment cycle.This paper proposes an IoT Transmission Model with Real-time Path Definition(ITRP).All nodes in the IoT subnet report the adjacency relationship to the active powered gateway with the best performance,which defines the real-time routing tree of the network.The gateway carry the forwarding labels when sending packets to the IoT nodes,and the subse-quent forwarding nodes only need to complete the packet transmission according to the label and establish a reverse transmission path to the gateway according to the previous hop information.ITRP model collects relevant network status information around specific net-work service goals(Energy Saving,Transmission Security,Bandwidth Assurance,etc),and periodically adjust the routing topology to optimize the IoT transmission service.Our experiments are aimed at the goal of energy balance.After 10 information collection cycles,the energy consumption ratio of the lowest energy node of the ITRP model is 44％-86％compared with the deterministic routing mod-el,and that of the adaptive multipath transmission model is 63％-86％.Moreover,the ITRP model only requires a small tag cost,and the average tag length of a packet in the experimental environment is no more than 5 bits.
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