Iran-Israel Cyberspace Conflict:Evolution,Motivations and Impacts
Since the Stuxnet cyberattack in 2010,conflicts between Iran and Israel in cyberspace have been growingly aggravated and turned white-hot,emerging as a new form of their strategic confrontation.Iran and Israel started a competition on cyber defensive and offensive capabilities,and their increasing cyberattacks on each other caused physical damage.As cyberspace is an offensive-dominant arena,Iran and Israel can fulfill their goals of strategic confrontation in the real world through cyber means.Cyber conflict is unlikely to trigger a large-scale military retaliation and lacks international supervision,thus helping to limit their conflict intensity.Though both sides have partially achieved their strategic goals in cyberspace,the intensified cyber conflicts boosted the escalation of their strategic confrontation,and further deepened the security dilemma and antagonism between them.In the process of conflicts,Iran and Israel have promoted the military informatization level,strengthened cyber security cooperation with great powers outside the region,and constructed cyber offensive and defensive systems inside the region,which increased their capabilities and means that can be used in the confrontation.It is worth noting that the trend of"hybrid warfare"combining cyberspace conflicts with the actual militaryconfrontation between Iran and Israel is becoming more and more obvious.
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