Research Progress of High-Throughput Material Synthesis and Characterization
New materials are an important material technology for social development,and its development plays an irreplaceable role in promoting technological progress and improving industrial level.Materials genome initiative(MGI)is an emerging technology,and it represents a frontier trend in the field of material science and engineering.By building a fast-response new material research and development model,MGI can greatly improve the research and development efficiency,reduce the cost,and promote the engineering application of materials.With the rapid development of material science and the wide application of MGI in research,the importance of high-throughput experiments will become increasingly prominent,and it has been formed a series of representative high-throughput synthesis and characterization techniques.The high-throughput synthesis technique refers to the rapid mass preparation of samples us-ing a specific method,and a material library covering a certain range of components has never been obtained.In order to screen out the target material,it is necessary to use the high-throughput characterization technique to quickly detect the structure and performance of the sample library.In this paper,the position and role of high-throughput experiments in MGI was expounded,and the development process of high-throughput experiments was reviewed,with focus on high-throughput synthesis technology of films,bulk,powder and the high-throughput characterization technology of optical,electromagnetic and other material properties.The results showed that the high-throughput synthesis technique of films used the co-sputtering deposition method,the discrete mask method and the continuous mask method.The co-sputtering deposition method could prepare a thin film material with a continuous distribution of components without using any mask.The composition ratio was precise and constant,and the elements in the thin film material could be fully mixed without subsequent heat treatment after deposition.Compared with the co-sputtering deposition method,the discrete mask meth-od and the continuous mask method had a higher degree of control,but the sample library prepared by them was usually a layered mul-tilayer film structure,and there was insufficient interaction between the films.Therefore,it was necessary to anneal the film for a long time at medium and low temperature.The diffusion multielement method and the laser additive manufacturing method were used for high-throughput synthesis of bulk materials.Using the diffusion multielement method,a large number of alloys with continuous distri-bution of components could be obtained from the metal sample interface and nearby areas,which could be used to efficiently obtain multi-phase diagram.The laser additive manufacturing technology completed the composition gradient preparation of materials,and could also be used to prepare bulk materials in large quantities.The high-throughput synthesis was of powder materials used the liquid phase method.Among them,inkjet printing technology had become a widely used method for powder materials synthesis due to its high precision,high flexibility and rapid large-scale synthesis.In the field of high-throughput characterization of materials,according to dif-ferent application requirements of materials,researchers had successively developed high-throughput characterization techniques for different scales such as microscopic basic units of materials and mesoscopic materials,involving compositional structure,optics,me-chanics,and electromagnetism,thermal,electrochemical,magnetic properties.Including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction for compositional structure characterization;photography,scanning spectroscopy and ellipsometers for optical charac-terization;nanoindentation techniques for mechanical characterization;near-field microwave microscope and evanescent microwave probe for electromagnetic characterization;parallel nanocanning calorimeter,time-domain thermoreflectance and scanning thermal mi-croscopy for thermal characterization;scanning vibrating electrode,scanning electrochemical microscopy and wire beam electrodes for electrochemical characterization;magneto-optical Kerr effect imaging systems,scanning hall probe microscope and superconducting quantum interference device for magnetic characterization.In the future,high-throughput synthesis and characterization technology would be more widely used in advanced manufacturing fields such as aerospace,energy and environmental protection.At the same time,more in-depth research and innovation on the existing high-throughput characterization technology of materials,and the research and development of high-throughput characterization equipment for new materials should be carried out.And the advanced technolo-gies such as data and cloud computing to develop artificial intelligence in materials should integrated,to build a"data factory"for high-throughput experiments and high-throughput computing,and further promote technological innovation in the field of new materi-als while ensuring the smooth implementation of MGI.
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